Boulders Beach

Article & Image References

ADAPTABLE AFRICAN PENGUIN

BirdLife International. "Spheniscus demersus." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021.
Frost, P. G. H., & Siegfried, W. R. (1977). "The ecology of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus)." South African Journal of Zoology, 12(1), 55-63.
Pichegru, L., et al. (2012). "Impact of fishing on African penguin Spheniscus demersus foraging behaviour and chick survival." Biological Conservation, 142(10), 2369–2375.
Crawford, R. J. M., et al. (2006). "Depletion of fish stocks and African penguin decline." Marine Ecology Progress Series, 310, 203-210.
Whittington, P. A., et al. (2005). "Movements of African penguins at sea: a review of telemetry studies." African Journal of Marine Science, 27(1), 53-60.
SANCCOB (The Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds):

https://sanccob.co.za

BirdLife South Africa – African Penguin: https://www.birdlife.org.za/african-penguin/
IUCN Red List – African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697810/157423845
South African National Parks – Boulders Beach African Penguin Colony:

https://www.sanparks.org/parks/table_mountain/tourism/attractions.php#boulders

WWF South Africa – African Penguins:

https://www.wwf.org.za/what_we_do/species/african_penguins/

Image

https://archive.org/details/reportonscientif188102grea?view=theater#page/n543/mode/2up

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spheniscus_demersus_Smit.jpg

Architectural Heritage

Simon's Town Historical Mile | The Heritage Portal: An article detailing the significance of Simon's Town's Historical Mile, including its architectural heritage and the efforts to preserve its uniaque character.
https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/thread/simons-town-historical-mile?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Hans Fransen's The New Amidst the Old: Buildings in the Klein Karoo: A discussion on the Victorian features overlaid onto earlier Cape Dutch or Georgian structures, providing context to similar architectural trends in Simon's Town. https://pickingupthetabb.wordpress.com/the-feather-palaces-of-the-klein-karoo/the-new-amidst-the-old-buildings-in-the-klein-karoo/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

BEACH SNAKETHISTLE

SANBI Red List of South African Plants. (Year). Cullumia squarrosa. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Available at: http://redlist.sanbi.org.
Goldblatt, P., & Manning, J. (2000). Cape Plants: A Conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Rebelo, A. G. (1992). Fynbos Ecology and Management: Fire, Nutrients, and Diversity. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Cowling, R. M., Richardson, D. M., & Pierce, S. M. (1997). Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge University Press.
Bond, W. J., & van Wilgen, B. W. (1996). Fire and Plants. Chapman & Hall.
South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). (n.d.). Cullumia squarrosa (Grootsteekhaarbos). from http://redlist.sanbi.org.
Cowling, R. M., & Holmes, P. M. (1992). "Flora and vegetation." In R. M. Cowling (Ed.), The Ecology of Fynbos: Nutrients, Fire, and Diversity (pp. 23–61). Oxford University Press.
Richardson, D. M., Cowling, R. M., & Pierce, S. M. (1990). "The fynbos biome: Adaptations and threats." Biological Conservation, 54(1), 13–36.
Rebelo, A. G., & Siegfried, W. R. (1990). "Protection of fynbos vegetation." Oecologia, 85(3), 265–273.

Image

Modified photo by Tony Rebelo: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cullumia_squarrosa_97970584.jpg

Boulders Beach Sanctuary for African Penguins

Cooper, J., and Hockey, P.A.R. (1981). The Biology and Conservation of the African Penguin. Avian Research Publications.
Williams, A.J., and Crawford, R.J.M. (1986). "Human Exploitation of the African Penguin Spheniscus demersus at Boulders Beach: Impacts and Conservation." Marine Ornithology, 14(3), pp. 1-10.
Randall, R.M., and Randall, B.M. (1986). "Boulders Beach Penguin Colony: From Decline to Recovery." Conservation in South Africa, 21(1), pp. 20-26.
South African National Parks (SANParks). (n.d.). "Boulders Beach Penguin Colony." Retrieved from https://www.sanparks.org
BirdLife South Africa. (n.d.). "African Penguin Conservation." Available at https://www.birdlife.org.za/
Table Mountain National Park. (n.d.). "Conservation Initiatives at Boulders Beach." Accessed at https://www.tablemountain.net/

Image

Modified photo by Mikkel Houmøller: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boulders_beach_Simons_town.jpg

CONSERVATION STATUS AND THE FUTURE

BirdLife International. Spheniscus demersus (African Penguin). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Crawford, R. J. M., et al. "Collapse of South Africa's Penguin Population Due to Commercial Fishing and Climate Change." Biological Conservation, 2011.
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). “Red List of Threatened Species: Spheniscus demersus.” 2010.
SANCCOB (Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds). Conservation Initiatives for African Penguins.
South African Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries. "African Penguin Biodiversity Management Plan."
Two Oceans Aquarium. African Penguin Facts and Conservation Efforts.
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2010). Spheniscus demersus. Retrieved from www.iucnredlist.org
Crawford, R. J. M., et al. (2011). “Collapse of South Africa's Penguin Population Due to Commercial Fishing and Climate Change.” Biological Conservation.
SANCCOB (Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds). “Conservation Efforts for the African Penguin.” Available at www.sanccob.co.za
Two Oceans Aquarium. “African Penguin Conservation.” Retrieved from www.aquarium.co.za

DASSIES

Barry, R. E., & Mundy, P. J. (1998). Rock Hyrax: Ecology and Behaviour of an African Mammal. Springer.
A comprehensive study on the ecology, behaviour, and habitat of rock hyraxes.
Kingdon, J. (2015). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Princeton University Press.
Frost, C. P., & DeWitt, T. J. (2006). Behavioural Ecology of Hyraxes. Cambridge University Press.
South African National Parks (SANParks). (2022). Boulders Penguin Colony: Conservation and Wildlife Interactions. https://www.sanparks.org/

Image

Modified photo from canva.com:

DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY

Boxer, C. R. (1979). The Dutch Seaborne Empire: 1600-1800. London: Hutchinson.
Gaastra, F. S. (2003). The Dutch East India Company: Expansion and Decline. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.
Israel, J. I. (1995). The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477–1806. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ricklefs, M. C. (2001). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
National Archives of the Netherlands. (n.d.). Dutch East India Company (VOC). Retrieved from https://www.nationaalarchief.nl
Rijksmuseum. (n.d.). The VOC Collection. Retrieved from https://www.rijksmuseum.nl

Exploring Africa’s Mainland Penguin Colonies

Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment. "African Penguin." https://www.dffe.gov.za
SANParks."Boulders Penguin Colony – Table Mountain National Park." https://www.sanparks.org
CapeNature. "Stony Point Penguin Colony." https://www.capenature.co.za
BirdLife International. "Species factsheet: Spheniscus demersus." http://www.birdlife.org

FYNBOS BIOME

Cowling, R. M., & Richardson, D. M. (1995). Fynbos: South Africa's Unique Floral Kingdom. Fernwood Press.
Goldblatt, P., & Manning, J. (2002). Plant Diversity of the Cape Region of Southern Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89(3), 281-302.
Van Wyk, B. E., & Gericke, N. (2000). People's Plants: A Guide to Useful Plants of Southern Africa. Briza Publications.
Rebelo, T. (2001). SASOL Proteas: A Field Guide to the Proteas of Southern Africa. Fernwood Press.
Branch, G. M., & Branch, M. L. (2018). Living Shores: Interacting with Southern Africa's Marine Ecosystems. Penguin Random House South Africa.
Cowling, R. M., & Richardson, D. M. (1995). Fynbos: South Africa's Unique Floral Kingdom. Fernwood Press.
National Research Foundation (NRF). (n.d.). The Cape Floral Kingdom and Its Global Significance. https://www.nrf.ac.za.

Glimpse into Dutch Colonial Architecture

Worden, N., van Heyningen, E., & Bickford-Smith, V. (Eds.). (1998). Cape Town: The Making of a City. David Philip.
Elphick, R., & Giliomee, H. (Eds.). (1979). The Shaping of South African Society, 1652-1840. Longman.
Ross, R. (1993). A Concise History of South Africa. Cambridge University Press.
Simon's Town Historical Society - PocketSights: The Residency, Simon's Town Historical Society. https://pocketsights.com/tours/place/The-Residency-45695:5349?form=MG0AV3
South African History Online: Baron Joachim van Plettenberg. https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/baron-joachim-van-plettenberg?form=MG0AV3
Wikipedia: Cape Dutch architecture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Dutch_architecture?form=MG0AV3
Artefacts: Old Residency details. https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes_mob.php?bldgid=7987&form=MG0AV3
South African History Online: Old Magistrate’s Offices and Residence, Main Street, Simonstown. https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/old-magistrates-offices-and-residence-main-street-simonstown?form=MG0AV3

Great Whites & Seal Island

False Bay Great White Sharks May Not Have Left Because of Killer Whale Attacks – Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/great-white-shark-false-bay-fishing-killer-whale-1508951?form=MG0AV3
Features of the Great White Shark Population of Seal Island, False Bay - Save Our Seas Foundation. https://saveourseas.com/update/features-of-the-great-white-shark-population-of-seal-island-false-bay/?form=MG0AV3
Why Are Great White Sharks Disappearing from South Africa's Waters? - Cape Town Etc. https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/why-are-great-white-sharks-disappearing-from-south-africas-waters/?form=MG0AV3
How and Why Orcas Are Dominating False Bay - Animals Around The Globe. https://www.animalsaroundtheglobe.com/how-and-why-orcas-are-dominating-false-bay-3-75597/?form=MG0AV3
Orcas Spotted Hunting in False Bay as Shark Carcass Washes Ashore - News24. https://www.news24.com/news24/community-newspaper/peoples-post/orcas-spotted-hunting-in-false-bay-as-shark-carcass-washes-ashore-20241029?form=MG0AV3

Image

Modified image:

https://blog.biodiversitylibrary.org/2015/06/world-oceans-day-bibliographic.html

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6278825#page/49/mode/1up

PREDATORS OF THE AFRICAN PENGUIN

Crawford, R. J. M., & Dyer, B. M. (1995). The African Penguin. Oxford University Press.
Petersen, S. L., & Bester, M. N. (2011). Cape Fur Seals and Their Impact on Penguin Populations in South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 33(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2011.580595
Boersma, P. D., & Stokes, D. L. (1995). Predation and the African Penguin: Effects of predators on penguin colonies in South Africa. Journal of Wildlife Management, 59(3), 491-499.
Tarboton, W. R., & Allan, D. G. (2009). Birds of Southern Africa: A Complete Guide to the Birds of the Region. Struik Nature.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2021). Spheniscus demersus (African Penguin). Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org
Ellis, S., & Duffus, D. (2013). The Impact of Feral Animals on Wildlife Conservation in South Africa. Environmental Conservation, 40(2), 144-153.
Wilson, R. P., & Pütz, K. (2017). The Ecological Role of Sharks in Marine Ecosystems: Impacts on Penguin Populations. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 565, 239-249. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12051

Simon's Town Anchored in History

Higgins, E. (2009). The Story of Simon's Town: A History of the Cape's Naval Centre. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau.
Van der Merwe, H. (2005). Simon’s Town and its Naval History. Simon’s Town: South African Naval History Institute.
Bickford-Smith, V. (2011). The Cape Colony and its History: British Naval Influence and Strategic Development. Cape Town: Juta & Co.
South African Navy (1988). The Naval Base of Simon's Town: Past and Present. Pretoria: South African Navy Publishing.
Robinson, B. (2000). The South African Navy and its Role in World War II. Johannesburg: South African Military History Society.
Simon's Town Museum (n.d.). The History of Simon’s Town: From Fishing Village to Naval Base. [Exhibition materials]. Simon’s Town: Simon’s Town Museum.
Miller, T. & Thomas, L. (2012). Cape of Good Hope: The Influence of the Dutch East India Company on South African Coastal Towns. Amsterdam: Van Gorcum Publishers.
South African Defence Force. (1957). The Simon’s Town Agreement and its Impact on South African Naval History. Pretoria: South African Government Printing.

Image

https://picryl.com/media/hms-euryalus-with-prince-alfred-on-board-entering-simons-bay-iln-1860-1013-30480b

Illustration for The Illustrated London News, 13 October 1860.Volume: 37 , Issue: 1054. Views of South Africa.

SIMON VAN DER STEL

Giliomee, H., & Mbenga, B. (2007). New History of South Africa. Tafelberg.
Hunt, J. (1999). Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708. Routledge.
Worden, N., van Heyningen, E., & Bickford-Smith, V. (1998). Cape Town: The Making of a City. David Philip Publishers.
Dooling, W. (2005). “Slavery, Emancipation and Colonial Rule in South Africa.” South African Historical Journal, 52(1), 1–19.
Shell, R. C.-H. (1994). “The Establishment and Development of Stellenbosch under Simon van der Stel.” Historia, 39(1), 21–39.
Groot Constantia. (n.d.). Our History. https://www.grootconstantia.co.za
Stellenbosch Tourism. (n.d.). History of Stellenbosch. https://www.stellenbosch.travel

Image

Modified image: Pieter van Anraedt (circa 1635–1678)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simon_van_der_Stel.jpg

Simon's Town's Most Beloved Sailor

Heaton, P. (1998). Just Nuisance AB: His Full Story. Fernwood Press.
Lewis, G. (2011). Simon’s Town: A Naval Town Through Time. Cape Town: Historical Society of Simon’s Town.
Matthews, J. (1994). "The Life and Times of Just Nuisance: Simon’s Town’s Famous Dog." South African Naval Digest, 12(3), pp. 45–50.
Walker, M. (2015). "The Great Dane of the Navy: Remembering Just Nuisance." Cape Heritage Magazine, Issue 7, pp. 32–37.
Simon’s Town Museum. (n.d.). "The Story of Just Nuisance." Retrieved from https://www.simonstownmuseum.org
South African History Online. (n.d.). "Just Nuisance: The Great Dane with Naval Honours." Retrieved from https://www.sahistory.org.za

Image

Modified image: Photo by Danie van der Merwe

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justnuisancestatue.jpg

SIMON’S TOWN NAVAL DOCKS

Allen, D. (2003). Simon’s Town: A Naval and Maritime History. Simon’s Town Historical Society.
Boucher, M. (1981). "The Cape Colony and the British Naval Presence, 1795–1815." South African Historical Journal, 13(1), 20-36.
Fokkens, A. (2017). The Naval Dockyard at Simon’s Town: A Study in Maritime Infrastructure Development. Naval Historical Society of Southern Africa.
Green, L. (1973). Harbours of Southern Africa. Howard Timmins.
Lloyd, C. (1970). The British Seaman, 1200–1860: A Social Survey. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
Simon's Town Museum. (n.d.). Naval Dockyard History. https://www.simonstownmuseum.co.za/
Worden, N., & van Heyningen, E. (1995). Cape Town Between East and West: Social Identities in a Dutch Colonial Town. David Philip Publishers.

SPINY SEA URCHIN

Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., & Branch, M. L. (2016). Two Oceans: A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa (4th ed.). Struik Nature.
Day, J. H., & Field, J. G. (1971). "Kelp Forest Ecology in the Southern Benguela Current Region." South African Journal of Science, 67, 162-171.
Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.). (2001). Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology. Elsevier Science.
Blamey, L. K., & Branch, G. M. (2009). "Regulating sea urchins: Predicting the effects of predation and habitat structure on sea urchin populations." African Journal of Marine Science, 31(2), 329–335.
SANBI (South African National Biodiversity Institute). (n.d.). "Marine Life of South Africa." https://www.sanbi.org

Image

Modified image: canva.com

The Battle of Muizenberg

Davenport, T. R. H., & Saunders, C. (2000). South Africa: A Modern History (5th ed.). Macmillan.
Giliomee, H., & Mbenga, B. (2007). New History of South Africa. Tafelberg.
Keegan, T. (1996). Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order. University of Virginia Press.
Lavery, B. (2003). Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men, and Organization, 1793–1815. Conway Maritime Press.
Parkinson, C. N. (1954). War in the Eastern Seas, 1793–1815. George Allen & Unwin.
Rodger, N. A. M. (2004). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815. Penguin Books.
Tracy, N. (2006). Navies of the Napoleonic Era. Chatham Publishing.

Image

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_George_Keith_Elphinstone_(cropped).jpg

Painting of Admiral of the Red Sir George Keith Elphinstone (later 1st Viscount Keith) at the Battle of Muizenberg, 1795 by Henri Pierre Danloux at Bowood House, 30 June 2019. The Battle of Muizenberg against the Dutch resulted in Britain taking Cape Colony.

THE CAPE FUR SEAL

Best, P. B. (2007). Whales and Dolphins of the Southern African Subregion. Cambridge University Press.
Branch, G., Griffiths, C., Branch, M., & Beckley, L. (2016). Two Oceans: A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa. Struik Nature.
David, J. H. M. (1987). Diet of the South African fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) off the southwestern coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 5(1), 761-774.
Shannon, L. J., Jarre, A., & Field, J. G. (2003). Ecosystem approach to fisheries management in the southern Benguela: A brief history and lessons learned. African Journal of Marine Science, 25(1), 101-123.
Kirkman, S. P., Yemane, D., Oosthuizen, W. H., Meÿer, M. A., Kotze, P. G. H., Skrypzeck, H., Vaz Velho, F., & Underhill, L. G. (2013). Spatio-temporal shifts of the Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) in southern Africa in relation to changing environmental conditions. African Journal of Marine Science, 35(1), 39-58.
Payne, A. I. L., Crawford, R. J. M., & Van Dalsen, A. P. (1989). Oceans of Life off Southern Africa. Vlaeberg Publishers.
Sinclair, I., & Ryan, P. (2010). Birds of Southern Africa. Struik Nature. (For references to seabird interactions).
Steyn, P. (2011). A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers.
WWF South Africa. (2021). Marine conservation in South Africa. Retrieved from https://www.wwf.org.za.

Image

https://picryl.com/media/otaria-lobata-1700-1880-print-iconographia-zoologica-special-collections-university-9e41e0

Otaria lobata - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ21100097

THE FALSE BAY KELP FORESTS

Bolton, J.J., & Anderson, R.J. (1987). "Marine Algal Ecology of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa." Botanica Marina, 30(3), 161–176.
Turpie, J.K., & Lamberth, S.J. (2004). "The Economic Value of Marine Resources in False Bay." South African Journal of Science, 100(1/2), 51–60.
Branch, G.M., Griffiths, C.L., Branch, M.L., & Beckley, L.E. (2016). Two Oceans: A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa. Struik Nature.
Smale, D.A., et al. (2013). "Threats to Kelp Forest Ecosystems: A Global Perspective." Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 51, 41–87.
Jackson, G.A. (1987). "Model of Nutrient Uptake by Marine Plants." Marine Biology, 95, 559–566.
Day, J.H., Field, J.G., & Montgomery, M.A. (1970). "The Biology of False Bay, South Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 39(3), 211–227.
Witman, J.D., & Dayton, P.K. (2001). "Rocky Subtidal Communities." In M.D. Bertness, S.D. Gaines, & M.E. Hay (Eds.), Marine Community Ecology. Sinauer Associates.
UNESCO. (2012). Kelp Forest Ecosystems: Importance, Threats, and Solutions. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

Image

Mark Thomas

THREATEND & VULNERABLE

BirdLife International. Penguins: Threats and Conservation. Retrieved from https://www.birdlife.org.
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org.
Trathan, P. N., García-Borboroglu, P., Boersma, D., Bost, C. A., Crawford, R. J. M., Crossin, G. T., ... & Wienecke, B. (2015). Pollution, habitat loss, fishing, and climate change as critical threats to penguin populations. Conservation Biology, 29(1), 31-41.
Boersma, P. D., & Rebstock, G. A. (2014). Climate change increases reproductive failure in Magellanic penguins. PLOS ONE, 9(1), e85602. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085602

Page updated

Google Sites

Report abuse