The Need For A Lighthouse At Cape Point

• Booysen, A., Cape Point and the Cape of Good Hope: A Maritime History, Struik Publishers, 2001.

• Hocking, C., Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam, Lloyd's Register of Shipping, 1969.

• Hutchinson, J., Dangerous Waters: Shipwrecks of the Western Cape, South African National Maritime Museum, 1994.

• Lee, V. N., Shipwrecks Along the Cape Coast, David Philip Publishers, 2003.

• Mossop, E. E., Old Cape Lighthouses, Maskew Miller, 1965.

• Richardson, D., The Portuguese Discovery of the Sea Route to India, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

• Walker, M., The Agulhas and Benguela Currents: Oceanography and Maritime Safety, Springer, 1990.

Image

Modified: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lighthouse_At_The_Edge.jpg. Original photo by Vidya Gupta 2020

Shipwreck at the Cape of Good Hope, 1693 by Jan Luyken. Available as an art print on canvas, photo paper, watercolor board, uncoated paper or Japanese paper. Rijks Museum, Amsterdam

The New Lighthouse Relocation

• Dean, George. Lighthouses of South Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 1975.

• Franks, Roger. Navigational Beacons: A History of South African Lighthouses. Johannesburg: Rand Press, 1982.

• South African Heritage Resource Agency. “Cape Point Lighthouse.”  https://www.sahra.org.za/capepointlighthouse

• National Archives of South Africa. "Cape Point Lighthouse 1913–1919: An Engineering Milestone."  https://www.archives.gov.za/lighthouses-history/cape-point

Construction Of The Original Lighthouse

• Gurney, Gordon. South African Lighthouses. David Philip Publishers, 1991.

• Burman, Jose. The Lighthouses of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, 1989.

• Stone, David. Lighthouses of South Africa. New Holland Publishers, 2003.

• "Cape Point Lighthouse." South African Heritage Resources Agency. www.sahra.org.za/cape-point-lighthouse-history

• "Lighthouses of South Africa." South African Lighthouse Society. www.lighthousesofsouthafrica.co.za/cape-point-light/

Image

Modified: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cape_Point_Lighthouse.jpg. Original photo by Ad Meskens 2022

First Known Lighthouse

• First K Bradford, Ernle. The Great Siege: Malta 1565. Penguin Books, 2002.

• Harris, James R. The Pharos of Alexandria: The Ancient Wonder of the World. Princeton University Press, 1999.

• Hirst, K.K. "The Pharos Lighthouse of Alexandria: An Ancient Engineering Marvel." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-pharos-lighthouse-of-alexandria-171464

• Clayton, Peter, and Martin Price, eds. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Routledge, 1990.

• Arnold, Dieter. "The Light-House of Alexandria." In Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, edited by Helen Strudwick, 389-392. Metro Books, 2006.

Image

The pharos of Alexandria. Coloured engraving, ca. 1804-1811. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_pharos_of_Alexandria._Coloured_engraving,_ca._1804-1811._Wellcome_L0047776.jpg

First-Order Fresnel Lens

• National Park Service. "The Fresnel Lens." U.S. Department of the Interior. https://www.nps.gov

• U.S. Lighthouse Society. "Fresnel Lenses." U.S. Lighthouse Society. https://uslhs.org

• Smithsonian Institution. "Lenses for Lighthouses: The Invention of the Fresnel Lens." Smithsonian Institution. https://www.si.edu

• Encyclopædia Britannica. "Fresnel Lens." Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com

Image

from Adolphe Ganot (1872) Natural Philosophy for General Readers and Young Persons, D. Appleton & Co., New York, p.328, fig.257.  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fresnel_lighthouse_lens_diagram.png

Establishment Of The Cape Point Nature Reserve

• Cowling, R.M., & Pierce, S.M. Fynbos: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation of a Megadiverse Region. Oxford University Press, 1999.

• Van Wilgen, B.W., South African National Parks: A Century of Conservation. Struik Nature, 2003.

• Bulpin, T.V. A History of Table Mountain National Park. Penguin Random House South Africa, 2006.

• "Table Mountain National Park." Wikipedia, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_Mountain_National_Park

• de Wet, Marietjie. "Cape of Good Hope – Table Mountain National Park." de Wets Wild, January 11, 2018. https://dewetswild.com/2018/01/11/cape-of-good-hope/

• "Cape Point." Wikipedia, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Point

Whale Watching

• Best, P. B. (2007). Whales and Dolphins of the Southern African Subregion. Cambridge University Press.

• Cape Point Official Website. (n.d.). Whale Watching at Cape Point. https://capepoint.co.za

• Gordon, J., Leaper, R., & Hartley, F. G. (2015). Land-based whale watching in South Africa: Conservation, tourism, and educational benefits. Journal of Marine Tourism, 12(2), 89-110.

• South African National Parks (SANParks). (n.d.). Cape Point: Whale Watching. Retrieved from https://www.sanparks.org/parks/table_mountain/

• Whale Watch SA. (n.d.). Whale Watching in Cape Town. https://www.whalewatchsa.com

Birder’s Paradise

• Wright, Paul J. H. Cape Point Nature Reserve: A Birdwatcher’s Guide. Struik Nature, 2017. ISBN 9781775844259.

• Sinclair, Ian, and Peter Ryan. Birds of Southern Africa. Penguin Random House South Africa, 2019. ISBN 9781775846512.

• Adams, Gavin R. K. A Guide to the Birds of Cape Town. Cape Town Bird Club, 2016. ISBN 9780620703143.

• South African National Parks (SANParks). “Cape Point Nature Reserve.” https://www.sanparks.org/parks/table_mountain/cape_point/

• BirdLife South Africa. “BirdLife South Africa.” https://www.birdlife.org.za/

• Cape Town Bird Club. “Cape Town Bird Club.” https://www.capetownbirdclub.org.za/

• iNaturalist. “Cape Point Bird Observations.” https://www.inaturalist.org/places/cape-point

• Birds of Africa. “Birds of Africa.” https://www.birdsofafrica.co.za/

Image

Smithsonian: Red-breasted Sunbird, Plate 14 from Birds of Western Africa, William Home Lizars

The Cape Baboon

• de Waal, John M. Primate Behaviour: An Exercise in Translation. W.H. Freeman and Company, 1982. ISBN: 978-0716716826.

• O'Connor, David A. (Ed.). Baboons: Behaviour and Ecology. Springer, 1995. ISBN: 978-0792338770.

• Johnson, Michael J. T. The Behavioural Ecology of Baboons. Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN: 978-0868534150.

• National Geographic. “Baboons.” https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/group/baboons/

• SanParks. “Cape Baboon.” https://www.sanparks.org/parks/table_mountain/

• Wildlife Conservation Society. “Baboon Conservation.” https://www.wcs.org/wildlife/baboons

• BBC Wildlife. “Baboons.” https://www.bbc.co.uk/wildlife/baboons

Image

Photo by Graham from London, UK 2006

Perlemoen (Abalone)

• Branch, Graham M., and C.L. Griffiths. The Living Marine Resources of South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 1994.

• Sutton, Carolyn, and Peter J. S. Schalk. South Africa's Marine and Coastal Ecosystems. Springer, 2002.

• Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (South Africa). “Abalone (Perlemoen).” https://www.dffe.gov.za/abalone

• Wildlife Conservation International. “Abalone Poaching and Conservation.” https://www.wildlifeconservation.org/abalone

• The Abalone Association of South Africa. “Abalone Industry Overview.” http://www.abalone.co.za

• National Geographic. “Abalone.” https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/group/abalones/

• WWF South Africa. “Marine Conservation.” https://www.wwf.org.za/what_we_do/marine_conservation

Image

Different types of mollusks illustrated by Charles Dessalines D' Orbigny (1806-1876).

A Blooming Marvel Of South Africa's Flora

• Smith, C.A. (2005). Cape Flora and Vegetation. Cambridge University Press.

• Wright, C. (2013). The Fynbos. Struik Nature.

• South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). (n.d.). Plant Information. Retrieved from https://www.sanbi.org/plant-information

• Cape Town Tourism. (n.d.). Fynbos. https://www.capetown.travel/what-to-do/fynbos/

• The Plant Lover's Guide. (n.d.). Arctotheca calendula. https://www.theplantloversguide.com/arctotheca-calendula/

• Wildflower Society of South Africa. (n.d.). Arctotheca calendula. http://www.wildflowersociety.com.au/arctotheca-calendula/

• Biodiversity Explorer. (n.d.). Arctotheca calendula. https://biodiversityexplorer.org/plants/asteraceae/arctotheca_calendula.htm

The First To Round The Cape Of Good Hope

• Boxer, Charles R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825. Hutchinson, 1969.

• Crespo, Miguel. Bartolomeu Dias: The Pioneer of the Cape Route. Algora Publishing, 2011.

• Hawkins, John. The Age of Exploration. Facts On File, 2004.

• Keen, Maurice. The Pelican History of Medieval Europe. Penguin Books, 1973.

• Steinberg, Sylvia. The Discoverers: A History of Exploration from the Age of Discovery to the Present Day. Harper & Row, 1985.

• "The Maritime History of Portugal." The Maritime History of the Portuguese. https://www.maritimehistoryoftheportuguese.com

• "Bartolomeu Dias." Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bartolomeu-Dias

• "The Age of Exploration." BBC History. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/exploration_01.shtml

• "Bartolomeu Dias." National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/people/bartolomeu-dias

• "Bartolomeu Dias." History.com. https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/bartolomeu-dias

Image

An 1887 illustration of en:Bartolomeu Dias' two caravels, the São Cristóvão and the São Pantaleão. From page 314 of the 1887 book The Sea: its stirring story of adventure, peril & heroism., Volume 2. Uploaded by the British Library

Statue of Bartolomeu Dias at the High Commission of South Africa in London. Photo by RedCoat 2007

The SS Lusitania

• Cohen, M. Portuguese Maritime History. Lisbon: Academia Portuguesa de História, 2008.

• Klein, M. The Portuguese Merchant Ship in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping, 1999.

• Shipwrecks and Maritime Disasters. Cape Point and Bellows Rock. South Africa: South African Shipwrecks Association, 2005.

• Santos, J. A. The Lusitania: A Historical Overview. Lisbon: Museu de Marinha, 2010.

• Wilson, H. W. The History of the Ship. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1921.

• Museu de Marinha. Museu de Marinha. https://www.museudomarinha.pt/

• South African Shipwrecks Association. Shipwrecks South Africa. https://www.shipwrecks.co.za/

• Lloyd's Register of Shipping. Lloyd's Register. https://www.lr.org/

• Historic Naval Ships Association. Historic Naval Ships Association. http://www.hnsa.org/

Image

Ship Collection: https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+9289. Photographer Gould, F. C 1880

Shipwrecks Around Cape Point

• The Shipwrecks of the Cape Peninsula. The Shipwrecks of the Cape Peninsula. http://www.shipwrecks.co.za.

• South African Shipwrecks. South African Shipwrecks. https://www.southafricanshipwrecks.co.za.

• Wrecksite.eu. Wrecksite.eu. https://www.wrecksite.eu.

• Maritime Museum - Cape Town. Maritime Museum - Cape Town. https://www.maritimemuseum.co.za.

• Historical Society of South Africa. Historical Society of South Africa. https://www.sahistory.org.za.Image

The Trailblazer Of The Maritime Route To India

• Cunha, Manuel de. Vasco da Gama: The Great Navigator. University of California Press, 1993.

• Boxer, Charles R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825. Hutchinson, 1969.

• Kamen, Henry. The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. Yale University Press, 1997.

• Browning, Reed. The Ottoman Empire and the World Around It. Yale University Press, 1996.

• Sauer, C. O. The Early Spanish Main. University of California Press, 1966.

• "Vasco da Gama." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Accessed September 16, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama

• "Vasco da Gama." BBC History. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/da_gama_vasco.shtml

• "Vasco da Gama." National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/vasco-da-gama

• "The Portuguese Discoveries." Museum of Natural History, Paris.  https://www.mnhn.fr/en/vasco-da-gama

• "Vasco da Gama." World History Encyclopedia.  https://www.worldhistory.org/Vasco_da_Gama/

Image

Renaissance paintings from Portugal in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga

Modified photo: Vasco da Gama Monument - Cape Point. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vasco_da_Gama_Monument_-_Cape_Point.jpg

US Liberty Ship Thomas T Tucker

• "Liberty Ship." Liberty Ship. https://www.libertyship.com

• "Liberty Ships." National WWII Museum. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/liberty-ships

• "U.S. Maritime Commission Historical Records." U.S. Maritime Commission. https://www.marad.dot.gov/

• "Liberty Ships." Encyclopedia of World War II. https://www.worldwar2history.info/Liberty-Ships.html

• "History of Liberty Ships." American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/history-of-liberty-ships

Where Oceans Converge The Atlantic And Indian Encounter

• Graham, A. (2005). The Oceans and the Sea: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press.

• Gulbrandsen, E. (2010). Cape Point and Cape Agulhas: Historical Perspectives and Significance. South African Journal of Geography, 12(1), 45-59.

• Houghton, R. W. (2015). Ocean Currents and Climate Patterns. Springer.

• Roe, J. (2012). Exploration and Discovery in South Africa: The Cape Point Experience. University of Cape Town Press.

• South African Tourism. Cape Point. Retrieved from https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/

• Cape Point. Official Website. https://www.capepoint.co.za/

• National Geographic. Cape Agulhas and Cape Point. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/

• Marine Conservation Society. Ocean Currents and their Influence. https://www.mcsuk.org/

• Wikipedia. Cape Point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Point

• Wikipedia. Cape Agulhas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Agulhas

The Plight Of The Geometric Tortoise

• Branch, B. (1998). Field Guide to the Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers.

• Hewitt, D. (2001). Conservation Status of the Geometric Tortoise (Psammobates geometricus) in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 97(1-2), 39-45.

• Smith, R. (2010). The Ecology of the Fynbos: A Study of the Biome and Its Plant and Animal Life. Cambridge University Press.

• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. (n.d.). Psammobates geometricus. Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17257/6868037

• South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). https://www.sanbi.org.za

• World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) South Africa. https://www.wwf.org.za

• Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT). https://www.ewt.org.za

• CapeNature. https://www.capenature.co.za

Image

Oval tortoise illustration from The Naturalist's Miscellany (1789-1813) by George Shaw (1751-1813).

Back Page Map

Image

Modified: Sheet 3418AB & AD Provisional Issue. Drawn and prepared in the Trigonometrical Survey Office. Reprinted G.P.W.and Mobile Map Printing Company October 1942. First Edition. Second Printing